Chicago Style capitalizes major words according to its detailed rules, while lowercase removes all capitalization. The two have completely different use cases.
Chicago Style capitalizes all major words and long prepositions while lowercasing short prepositions of four letters or fewer, articles, and coordinating conjunctions. It is the dominant style for American book publishing.
Chicago Style is required for most manuscripts submitted to book publishers, literary journals, and academic presses. Scholars in the humanities default to it.
Open Chicago Style converterLowercase converts every letter to its uncapitalized form. It is used for URL slugs, code identifiers, file names, and stylized creative copy where conventional capitalization is intentionally set aside.
Lowercase is required for most URLs, programming variables, and database identifiers. It is also adopted as a deliberate stylistic choice in branding and social media.
Open Lowercase converterChicago Style is required for most manuscripts submitted to book publishers, literary journals, and academic presses. Scholars in the humanities default to it.
Prepositions of five or more letters are capitalized. Short prepositions like in, on, at, by, and of remain lowercase.
Lowercase is required for most URLs, programming variables, and database identifiers. It is also adopted as a deliberate stylistic choice in branding and social media.
Every letter is lowercased. This is the default state of text before any capitalization rules are applied.
Choose Chicago Style for book publishing, academic papers, and formal literary publications.
Choose lowercase for technical identifiers, URLs, and stylized copy.
Lowercase in a publication title context is always intentional and stylized. Chicago Style is the default for professional American book publishing.