Yes in Chicago Style and MLA Style. No in AP Style.
"Between" is a seven-letter preposition and is capitalized in Chicago Style, MLA Style, NYT Style, and Billboard Style. AP Style and AMA Style lowercase it since they lowercase all prepositions without a length distinction.
AP Style and AMA Style do not make the length distinction. Under AP rules, "between" is lowercase in the middle of a title regardless of its length, the same as "in," "of," and "at."
"Between" is a common word in academic and analytical titles — "The Connection Between Mind and Body," "Between Truth and Fiction" — where the capitalization rule has practical implications for publishing.
"Between" as the first word of a title is always capitalized in every style guide. The word opens many philosophical and literary titles, and the first-word rule applies without exception.
"Between" is a seven-letter preposition, and Chicago Style capitalizes all prepositions of five or more letters. It is capitalized in Chicago Style, MLA Style, and NYT Style as a result.